Analyzing hso

Sandra Esqueda Elizabeth Montelongo Emma Johnson The Area Agency on Aging division that we visited is situated on 255 S Kansas Ave in Weslaco, Texas. The agent that addressed us in the interest of The Area Agency on Aging is named Vivian Moreno who is a social laborer with a BSW. The Lower Rio Grande Valley Development Council ( LRGVDC) was assigned in 1984 by the Texas Department on Aging as the Area Agency on Aging of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, one of 28 such zone agencies.These organizations were made by the 1973 revisions o the Older Americans Act of 1965 to guarantee that people matured 60 and over are treated with respect, given autonomy, and gave the chance to add to their networks. (http://www. lrgvdc. organization/maturing. html) Task Environment: Relationships with Funding Sources: Cash Revenues: Area Agency on Aging relies upon reserves originating from state and nearby assets. Assets are sifted down from the national level and afterward circulated all through the state for the Rio Grande Branch the separate of assets was as followed: Ill-B Supportive help $420,000 Ill-c Nutrition servtce-$Ill-E Caregiver-S For a Total - $ Vivian likewise educated us that on the spending that they have for the monetary year they additionally get assets from the nearby level and some commitment however they are ordinarily a negligible sum. Vivian likewise uncovered to us that the numbers she gave us were numbers from this year and the monetary year had finished as of now and are sitting tight for their new spending plan yet won't get those numbers until January 2014. Zone Agency on Aging, Vivian Moreno) Noncash incomes: The office uses chips in particularly for their Foster

Developmental Psychology Essay Example for Free

Formative Psychology Essay Intellectual improvement includes creating ideas of thought, critical thinking and memory (Green. 2002). Jean Piaget (1896-1980) and Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) were the two analysts, which concentrated on subjective turn of events and the manner by which childrens thought and thinking created as they developed. This task will start by depicting and assessing the hypotheses set forward by Piaget and Vygotsky alluding to look into proof and giving an end. Piaget (1896-1980) was one of the most powerful specialists in the zone of formative brain research during the twentieth century and an as scientist was keen on the manner by which living beings adjust to their condition this was depicted by Piaget as knowledge. He saw conduct or the adjustment to the earth as being controlled through mental associations known as plans that the individual uses so as to speak to the world. Piaget recommended that adjustment is driven by a natural drive to get balance among plans and the earth, which is known as balance (Huitt. 2003). Inside Piagets research and compositions on intellectual advancement he proposed that childrens contemplations are less complex than grown-ups as well as subjectively extraordinary and this is because of less information (Jarvis. 2000).  It was considered by Piaget that the communication between the youngster and their condition was the primary factor of effect on their subjective turn of events. Piagets perspective on youngsters is that they are researchers and that they ought to be left to investigate their environmental factors allowing them the chance to decipher the world in their own particular manner. The dynamic inclusion in their own learning is portrayed as a progression of diagrams and that these compositions would change and create through each phase through the procedure of digestion or convenience (Green. 2002). Piagets hypothesis depends on phases of advancement in which he accepted that all kids create at a similar age. There are four phases to his improvement hypothesis, which are sensorimotor (0-2 years) and the view that newborn children are building up their first patterns (Meggitt. 2000). Article changelessness is the principle center inside this stage and the supposition by Piaget that kids matured five or a half year old couldn't comprehend that an item, which was secured, still exists. An test demonstrated that an offspring of five or a half year indicated no intrigue once the toy was secured though a multi month old would connect for the toy and appear to get upset. Piagets understanding of this was the offspring of ten months had arrived at object changelessness and now has a blueprint for the article. Rather than this Tom Bower and Jennifer Wishart (1972) contended that articles do in any case exist in babys minds in spite of the fact that they have been secured. To help their hypothesis an analysis was embraced utilizing an infrared camera. An article was offered to the infant and as they connected with get it the lights were turned off. The outcomes demonstrated that the child was all the while endeavoring to go after the toy in spite of the fact that they couldn't see it thus a clarification for Piagets hypothesis was that by covering the article the infant was diverted and not really that they had disregarded it. The subsequent stage is pre-operational stage (2-7 years). Egocentric reasoning prevails the youngster (Huitt. 2003) inside this stage and they don't be able to comprehend things from another people perspective as per Piaget. With the goal for this to be affirmed he set up an examination. Three mountains were set before the youngster and a doll was put in various seats around the table. Photos, which had been taken, were then appeared to the kid and they were approached to highlight the image that the doll would see. As Piagets discoveries demonstrated that generally four or multi year olds highlighted photos which spoke to their perspective on the mountains he reasoned that they were egocentric. Most kids matured seven that was approached to do a similar undertaking accurately distinguished the photo fortifying Piagets hypothesis. Despite the fact that it was then contended by Martin Hughes (1975) that the assignment was excessively confounded for the youngster and along these lines formulated his own analysis, which would repudiate Piagets discoveries. His test included a model with two meeting dividers, two police officer figures and a figure of a kid. In the wake of having a preliminary utilizing one police figure and the kid to guarantee the kid comprehended the errand Hughes started his analysis. It was discovered that most kids could effectively assess two distinct perspectives. Along these lines one might say that Piagets analysis may have been unreasonably hard for the youngster to see instead of the kid being egocentric.

Essay Samples - How To Use Them For Writing Tips

Essay Samples - How To Use Them For Writing TipsEssay samples may be essential for a number of things. If you want to know more about what they are, then just keep reading. It might help you understand what they can do for you.In a lot of online resources, they are used by teachers to aid them in teaching their students how to write a good essay. This is also known as an instructional tool and is used by people who have a hard time writing essays. You may also use these online tools to find ways to improve your essay writing. They are excellent for learning, especially when you get to learn from many different people's mistakes.Another way to use these is in getting your writing reviewed by people. So if you are reviewing articles for writing tips, check out your essay samples first. If you don't have them, your review could come out slightly different than what you wanted it to be. With the article sample, you are able to compare the article with the one that you are reviewing.When it comes to essays, you will often see a section called the 'body'footer'. With a body, it is the part of the essay that has all of the main points of the essay. With a footer, it is the part of the essay that has the rest of the information. Without the footer, the rest of the essay doesn't make sense.There are a number of free essay writing software applications that will have you write with essay samples at their disposal. Using these resources, you will be able to get to the point in your writing quickly. You will get a feel for the proper flow of your essay so that you can know where to add your ending and the best places to get a sentence structure going.You can also take advantage of free online resources. You will get a sense of the way to structure your essay, and you will get some suggestions that you can put into your own essay to make it work better. You will be able to get a better idea on how to format the essay for the purposes of formatting.These are just a few ways that you can use online essay samples. Just remember that you should use these resources when you need to find a good essay to read for a class assignment.

My Shiny New Shoes - 1487 Words

1 My Shiny New Shoes Lebron James asked himself, do I want to be feared or loved as he ended weeks of silence and drama on Jul 8, 2010 with his ESPN special, â€Å"The Decision†. He revealed that he would be leaving his beloved home of Cleveland to join forces with NBA superstars Dwayne Wade and Chris Bosh in South Beach, Miami. The sports world was left in disarray as the overwhelming negative response circulated the country. James turned the negative feedback he received from his decision to the theme of his Nike commercial. Nike dropped â€Å"Rise† on Oct. 27, 2010 and in 90 seconds; the ad manages to touch on LeBron’s decision and the entire negative backlash. The commercial portrays a man simply trying to do what is best for his career†¦show more content†¦This is playing into the ethos appeal as we tend to believe the one we respect. James wants to project an impression to the reader that he is someone worth listening to by showing that even the great Michael Jordan had faults as well. He was not perfect off the court or even on the court, although it seemed he was. This appeal ties in with the next scene as James’s CHOSEN 1 tattoo is being removed from his back he asks, â€Å"Should I have my tattoo removed?† This forces the audience to realize that just because he made an unpopular decision does not mean he is not the â€Å"Chosen one† anymore and you should buy his shoes. He is still the reigning two times MVP, flashy dunker and hilarious character. He will not let us forget that your legacy is inevitably determined by your play on the court. It should not be lost in all this that the ad also includes the new Nike Air Max LeBron VIII shoes, albeit in a sly, self-deprecating way. In this scene LeBron playfully says, â€Å"Wanna see my shiny new shoes? Should I just sell shoes?† He asks this in an ad in which he is, of course, ultimately selling shoes. James is still content with the decision and confident enough to sell you shoes while trying to draw sympathy. This brings up the fact that thousands of people still will 4 by his products and still watch him perform on the court. This forces many people to take a hard look at who they are supporting and how much theShow MoreRelated Stir The Coffee Essay1111 Words   |  5 Pages Through the steam of my coffee I could see a miniature set of shiny red shoes swinging back and forth underneath the counter at the diner. A little girl had been sitting atop the red stool since I had arrived, just sitting watching the cook flip pancakes all morning long with a mature sense of fascination. Up and down, and up and down, over and over again, the batter always formed into delicious solid creations, some with blueberries, some with chocolate, some just plain and simple. The cook sportedRead MoreMy Prom Experience1025 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"It is almost time,† my big sister said as we count down the days for prom. Prom was the only event I was looking forward to during my senior year. The thought of getting all dressed up and dancing with friends excite d me. While the days pass by I scratched off each day and I was thrilled to see how close prom was coming. I began preparing myself by getting all my school work done and eating healthy for the highlight of my senior year. The week of prom was here and it terrified me. I was ready, butRead MoreEssay on I Became a Model Cadet890 Words   |  4 PagesSlidell in the summer of 1998. It was a start of my tenth grade year at Northshore High School. I remember going to enroll the week before school started. I followed my mom into the school library like a lost puppy. There were new kids all over who were just as scared as I was. The room was filled with administrators sitting at tables asking millions of school-related questions to parents who were fumbling through papers to find a retort. Two people caught my attention in the room. They were a girl andRead MoreMy First Pair Of Black Patent Leather Buckle Shoes Essay1766 Words   |  8 PagesMy first pair of black patent leather buckle shoes were so shiny. I was wearing cotton socks with lace trim that day. It was my first day of school; kindergarten. We were all sitting on the floor listening to Miss Bronk read us the story of Goldilocks and the Three Bea rs. Her voice was fading off in the distance as I played with the buckles on my brand new shiny shoes. I nearly jumped out of my skin when Miss Bronk harshly spoke my name. Take your shoes off and bring them to me. She said. I justRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On Our Lives1060 Words   |  5 Pagesrealized how much globalization affected my own life. In fact, everything I do throughout my day has some connection to another place and culture. The first thing that I do when i get out of bed is unfortunately, check my phone. The first app I go on is Snapchat. It is the app that I use the most on my phone. The best feature Snapchat has is that it allows me to communicate internationally. Over the summer I had the luxury of becoming close with my friend Erin’s foreign exchange student, MartaRead MoreDystopia of Maya878 Words   |  3 PagesI fell into the depths of Maya’s beautiful green eyes and not even the currently setting sun could compare to their beauty. She pressed once more against the rusted iron gate that separated us, pushed it closed and once again took away my opportunity of joining my family, and let a pained cry of sadness escape her lips before turning into the shadows and dissolving into the darkness. Then the scene carried on as it had before as if Maya had been only an apparition. The crickets resumed their songsRead MoreStepping Into The Dance Studio1261 Words   |  6 PagesStepping into the dance studio for my first ballet class, mirrored walls and a long bar, I immediately immersed myself into becoming the ballerina from my fairytale books. After that first year I laced up my shiny black tap shoes for my first tap class, a new love was born. That love was replaced only when I learned to clog. All three styles of dance have unique characteristics but all three have much in common. Dance has certain qualities such as poise, grace, and balance. The first years of danceRead MoreMy Memories Of My Childhood Memories Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesMy earliest childhood memory is of the first time I met my mother in person when I was four. A beautiful woman whose personality seemed to glow from her. I had seen a picture of her before then I was told by Mummy Dada, my aunt, so I knew her on sight. The woman I saw walk in the room as I watched from my grandfather’s lap seemed effervescent. She floated from person to person at the family reunion like an angel. My mother is one of thirteen children my grandpa has. My brother cousin wanted to playRead More The Techniques of Advertising Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pagespizza that my grandmother prepares more than any other type of pizza I have ever tasted. She has a little garden outside her house and she plants peppers and some tomatoes there. No one can ever convince me that they have â€Å"better ingredientsâ₠¬  and â€Å"better pizza† than my grandmother’s. In this case again if we do not pay attention to all these facts and one day we feel the most severe hunger, the line pops up in our head â€Å"Better ingredients, better pizza, Papa John’s†. We put our shoes on and run toRead MoreMy First Day Of School905 Words   |  4 Pagesa stop. I groaned. The first day of school. I stepped onto the bus, trudged to the back, and threw my backpack onto a seat. I moved here from Geraldton just last month, in August. My dad was given a new job, which is really good, but that meant we had to pack our bags and move to Brighton, which was on the other side of the country. New house, new neighborhood, new state, new school, I’m surprised my head hasn’t burst. And even worse, i m starting high school for the first time. I’m supposed to know

Why Women Get Involved in Prostitution - 2044 Words

Prostitution has been going on for many centuries. Many studies have gone on, researching and trying to understand on why women get involved with prostitution and the main effects it has on then. Some report the main causes of early prostitution was due to poverty and deviance. Many see it as a career, a way to make a living and survive and provide for their families. â€Å"Studies show that many women engage themselves in such activities as prostitution by their own choice, forced into it, or because of their own mental health state.†(Chudakov 305) The start of prostitution started centuries. In the beginning many women were obligated to have sex with men. Along with citizens from other countries being forced onto cluttered boats to come to†¦show more content†¦Once they have the child they need to find a way to support them. This is where it leads into adult prostitution and drug dealing in order to support their new family. Once someone is involved in drugs and prostitution it is very hard for them to get out. They are used to the lifestyle and find it as a type of addiction. When a person starts prostitution at a young age, they grow into it. They do not learn how to live a decent and healthy lifestyle. Many teens and adult women who get involved into prostitution come from poor, abusive families and have very little education. (Flowers 89-91) A study done by Joanna Phoenix in 2000 discusses â€Å"women’s sustained involvement in prostitution. In the late twentieth century it is taken for granted that women’s involvement in prostitution can be explained in terms of poverty and/or vulnerability to predatory men. However, closer examination of the stories that prostitute-women recount reveals that their narratives are marked by a paradox that inheres in the contradictory effects of involvement in prostitution and the antithetical representations of prostitution offered by the women.† (Phoenix 37) In the study Phoenix does not support or go against either side. Her studies primarily argue that women freely enter into prostitution because of economic rewards, she also argues that their continued involvement makes sense with in their social and material conditions in which they live. (Phoenix 38) SecondlyShow MoreRelatedProstitution : The Crime Of Prostitution1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthe crime of prost itution I wrote down several different explanations that I believe explain why women participate in prostitution. Women participate in the act of prostitution for many reasons. First and foremost prostitution is known to be a very lucrative business, similar to the porn industry and stripping industry. Therefore, women participate in prostitution to make large amounts of money; in prostitution (like in any other profession) money is always the main motive. Some women participateRead MoreEssay on Legalizing Prostitution927 Words   |  4 Pages Legalizing prostitution! A way for the American government to create job opportunities for the American women that chooses this profession. Prostitution is legal in many countries, so why not all of the United States? Prostitution should not be a crime! Sex is not a crime. Exchanging of money is not a crime. So, why should the two combined be a crime? Women can have sex with as many people as she wants in her private life, it’s her bo dy and her choice. So what if she charges for it. She is providingRead MoreIs Human Trafficking An Age Old Profession?1323 Words   |  6 Pagespoint of sexual exploitation, or is it prostitution, the â€Å"world’s oldest profession?† Prostitution is an age old profession, not necessarily a crime one when one thinks about the longstanding history in society. Most of the images associated with prostitution are grown women in trashy clothes soliciting dirty men. These are not people you would give the time of day, let alone go out of the way to see if they were being forced into this profession. After all, why would someone do such dishonorable workRead MoreCauses and Effects of Prostitution757 Words   |  4 PagesA. Prostitution in the Philippines 1. Propagation of prostitution during the time of the Spanish Colonization in the Philippines ïÆ'Ëœ The rape of native women by the Spaniards created a reserve of â€Å"fallen† women who became available to service not only the homesick Spanish troops and dignities, but also the friars. ïÆ'Ëœ By the 19th century, prostitution was an occupation for women in Manila. 2. Prostitution during the time of the American Occupation in the Philippines ïÆ'Ëœ The outbreak of the Philippine-AmericanRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Illegal?1268 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I don’t understand why prostitution is illegal. Selling is legal. Fucking is legal. Why isn’t selling fucking legal? You know, why should it be illegal to sell something that’s perfectly legal to give away?† (Carlin, n.d). Prostitution is the act of selling sexual services in exchange for money. Prostitution has been around for thousands of years, it is known as the oldest profession in the world. Today both, women and men are engaged into the industry of sex and prostitution. Even though it isRead MoreProstitution As A Form Of Sexual Abuse899 Words   |  4 PagesProstitution can have the meaning of, â€Å"engaging in sexual acts or activities for the exchange of money or goods†, this can also be a form of sexual abuse. Prostitution status for the countries shown for the â€Å" number of countries prostitution is illegal: 109, n umber of countries prostitution is restricted: 11, number of countries prostitution is legal: 77, number of countries with no laws for prostitution: 5.† Prostitution is illegal in all states in the US except for 11 counties in Nevada. The MannRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is Wrong And Irrational1125 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world. Women think it’s okay to be a prostitute because it earns them money. Well, it’s the total opposite of that, according to victims of this terrible wrongdoing. Human trafficking is wrong and irrational, because it publicly embarrasses women, causes problems in their life, and can end up killing the females if it is continued. Prostitution is a lot more than it seems to be. Prostitution is known as the â€Å"world’s oldest profession† and involves the sexual exploitation of women or childrenRead MoreCrimes Committed by Women820 Words   |  3 Pagesimage of women is associated with tenderness, care, and maternity, but sometimes the image is completely the opposite. Many different studies and books have been written about female offenders and circumstances that lead them to commit a crime. Belknap (2007) examines different theories and studies to determine the reason why a woman crosses the border of the law. There are a many different types of crimes that could be committed by women, such as property crimes and prostitution, but the mostRead MoreProstitution Is The Practice Of Performing Sexual Activity1625 Words   |  7 Pages Prostitution is the practice of performing sexual activity to get paid. This practice has existed for centuries and yet the question remains – is prostitution moral? It is because prostitution involves selling something very personal to earn money. Many people think that prostitution encourages slavery for women and selling body in return for money is very wrong while others think that prostitution is just like any other service so there is nothing immoral about it. In this paper, I will argue thatRead MoreShould the United States Legalize Prostitution? Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution in its legal sense is defined as sexual intercourse of some kind in exchange for some kind of payment, usually money (Adriaenssens and Hendrickx 665; Perer 826).As of 2013, there are an estimated 1 million to 2 million prostitutes active in the world wide sex work industry today (Adriaenssens and Hendrickx 666). Prostitution is illegal in the United States; however, many experts thin k that should change. Most European and Asian countries have legalized prostitution (Agustà ­n 74). Some

Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media

Question: Discuss about the Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media. Answer: Introduction Internet and social media has been revolutionized changing and impacting every individuals life. Social media and communicating websites are used extensively for building relationships and maintaining them. The study pertains to the research question, How has social media altered the concept of friendship? Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, WhatsApp and other prominent social media platforms is changing the way friendship as it used to be a decade back. Earlier people with whom they spent their childhood or school and college days used to be called as friends. But now due to availability of large platform, individuals are making friends with others from across the globe. People who have not met or are not acquaintances also is getting friends, chatting online and sharing common topics of discussions. The scope of this essay is to analyze the research question, conduct an interview with a questionnaire set to 8 people and then analyze findings from such interview results. The aim of the study is to understand how has definition of friendship changed over the years with introduction of Facebook and other popular social media sites. The central research question of the study is, How has social media altered the concept of friendship?. Sample Methodology Research methodology pertains to the research design prepared for conducting the study. Further, Research Approach for this study was selected to be deductive method. Research approach provides direction to the study and helps scholar reach the aim. In deductive approach, scholar tests results up means of hypothesis. Then Research strategy for data collection is chosen, which involves accessing and analyzing qualitative data. Scholar in any study needs to adopt and approve a data collection procedure, such that precise data can be collected and appropriate results can be reached. Primary data collected by way of interview and survey. 8 individuals from shopping mall area in Russell Street, Singapore were asked questions from the sample questionnaire. The set of questions is provided in Appendix 1 attached below. For primary data collection sampling method was used as it is nearly impossible to collect large amounts of data and analyze them. Secondary data collection procedure was als o used for the study. Secondary data sources included journals, company magazines for other smartphone application software, internet, articles, and books and so on. The scholar through progress of his research determined data validity and reliability. Sample data was collected mostly from people of young age to middle age between 17 to 35. Both male and female were interviewed for relevant data collection and most of them were students or working professionals in banks, MNCs and other private companies. Participants from interview mostly belonged to Singapore and some were immigrants from Malaysia, Indonesia, Bali and other neighboring countries who were on work visas. The interview was mostly conducted within the shopping mall area in Russell Street and the setting of the interview included Saturday evening, where people were out with their friends and family to shop or spend time together. Reflection of methodology: The research conducted has a few limitations as it was conducted on a mass of 8 people only. The study has been undertaken in Singapore and hence cannot be applied world over. It is also a theoretical study with unanimousity in approach. Findings Analysis Data collection from interviews and surveys reflect a lot of relevant information regarding the research. The information collected and analyzed is mostly consistent with similar studies in relevant field. Other studies conducted in journals also depict that social media platforms have significantly altered and influenced concept of friendship. Hence data collected in the interview is generalizable. The data collected pertained to finding various information regarding individuals and their reasons for using social networking platforms. The research contained information regarding individuals gender, status, education and reasons for opting social media websites. Most people responded that they mostly go to social media platforms for making friends and they often accept strangers friend requests. This is in sharp contrast to the traditional idea of friendship which was to make friends on basis of personal interests. This data collected when analyzed provided useful and helpful insights into the relevant concept of friendship as it is seen today. Post collection of data it was found that majority of people uses smartphones. Almost all of them have Facebook and its messenger devise or other similar social networking sites. All agreed that they have a minimum of ten friends on Facebook who they do not know personally. Findings from other research indicates that people opt for online friends as they like having conversation with unknown people, where they can share their thoughts. Findings of the study were in consistent with those results as most indicated that they like to be online for making new friends and chatting with unknown persons. Results from previous studies indicate that social networking sites have a lot of people in the age group 16 to 35. Findings from the study shows similar patterns, that those in this age group have greater affinity towards using of social networking sites. Individuals generally have accounts of more than one social networking sites to find their interests or people whom they can associate with. The research also demonstrates that each person has at least two or more accounts of social media sites. Most people describe that they have faced unique experience online while in social networking sites. This research also indicates that people have enjoyable and memorable experience at some time or other in social networking sites. People select a social networking site based on reference received from their friends or colleagues. This study also reflects that individual made their selection to be present in a social networking site based on a friends or colleagues suggestion. In case any person meets another individual who is a Facebook or other social media friend then there is a high probability that the other person might not recognize that person. Thus, the concept of friendship has undergone tremendous revolution ever since its social media sites have been using tags as friends and friend lists. Conclusion Social media has greatly changed concepts of human beings and their perspectives regarding a lot of things. One of the most popular impacts of social media websites is friendship. Research and findings from the above study concludes that friendship on a social media website is a popular concept and used by many to increase their social circle. Though they refer to these acquaintances online as friends, they do not have any relevant personal ideas regarding these people. Friendship earlier used to be referred to as a special bonding between two individuals which have now completely changed to accommodate newer themes and concepts. Bibliography Cline, R. R. "Data collection methods. ." Introduction to the Pharmacy Business Administration Series., 2011. Kaplan, Andreas M., and Michael Haenlein. " "Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media." ." Business horizons 53, no. 1 , 2010: 59-68. Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K. Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. 2012. Noor, K.B.M. "Case study: A strategic research methodology." American journal of applied sciences 5, no. 11 (2008): 1602-1604. Sapsford, R. and Jupp, V. eds. Data collection and analysis. Sage, 2006. Silverman, D. ed. Qualitative research. Sage., 2016. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons., 2015. Yin, R. K. Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publications., 2013.

the 3M- Company Essay Example

the 3M- Company Essay Case study-The 3M Company Insert name Insert institution Insert instructors name Insert the date Initially known as the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, this company was pioneered in 1902 at Minnesota near Lake Superior. It was set up to sell mineral deposits which were later proved to be valueless and this initiated early research and development of this company while in Duluth. This saw its success in selling sandpaper products. The company later increased its efficiency in quality production and supply chain. Innovations saw the development of waterproof sandpapers, the asking tape (this initiated the companys prospects towards diversification) sold under the name Scotch Pressure-sensitive Tapes and even was contracted in the production of defense materials in World War II. The company was later to diversify its product portfolio to include the photographic products, electro-mechanical products, pharmaceuticals, radiology and the Post-it Notes that revolutionized communication and organization. In the late 1990s, the total sales of the company reached a $15 billion mark and the assessment of its 2010 public filings has reached a profit mark of 30 billion dollars (NoAuthorFound, 2002). The company today is a multinational conglomerate with a diversified product portfolio of at least 55,000 products. It operates under a franchise distribution system whereby some of its products are available for purchase in more than 200 countries from distributors and retailers; however, most of 3M products are available online directly from the company. We will write a custom essay sample on the 3M- Company specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on the 3M- Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on the 3M- Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The company is enlisted in the New York stock exchange and the US Securities and Exchange Commission where its SEC filings can be obtained. These can be used to assess the companys quarterly and annual returns and even its erformance as pertaining to: (A)lmpact of Globalization and Technology Any multinational company today in most adversely affected by globalization and technology: 3M Company is not an exception to this. The company continuously adapts to changing trends in technology and globalization through marker research and development. RD globalization is a fast evolving process and is more and more recently being kept at one center of opportunity in most contemporary corporations. RD globalization provides a platform for the easy control of 3M Companys critical resources and assets over wide geographical location. Globalization and technology ave led to the Companys increased understanding of RD and innovation. The company unaerstanas transnatlonal RD ana Innovatlon Tor stronger consollaatlon and budgetary and even more methods of managerial restraints (Bertho Crawford, 2008). Globalization and technology have increased the rate detailed analysis undertaken on world product responsibilities and global technology responsibilities within transnational corporations at locations outside their home country. 3M Company has set up effective centers abroad that drive innovation and new business initiatives for company strengthening thanks to globalization and technology. Globalization has also served in addressing ownership and control issues for 3M Companys international intellectual capital and property and has helped the understanding of their effects on corporate responsiveness. Companies that orient themselves towards the market through the understanding of the effects of globalization and technology on corporate functions are more likely to develop and sustain their market scope and margins of profitability. The flow of information within a multinational conglomerate corporation like 3M Company is vital to its development (Bertho Crawford, 2008). For example, customers can use the internet technology to purchase 3M products online and pay through MasterCard or PayPal. (B) Application of industrial organization model and resource-based model for better returns 3M Company can employ the industrial organization and resource-based model to facilitate its efficiency and thus increase it market performance and profit margin gains. The competitive advantage of a corporation firm lies primarily in the initiation of a bundle of valuable tangible and intangible resources at companys disposal globally. Through the resource based strategy the 3M Company can identify and lassify the corporations worldwide resources and appraise their strengths and weaknesses and relate this to the companys competitors by addressing their characteristic trends. Identify the opportunities for better utilization of resources. Then 3M Company shall embark on identifying the corporations capabilities and efficiency against its competitors. The company shall identify resource inputs for each capability and complexity of each capability. Thirdly, the company shall appraise its resources for rent-generating capabilities as pertaining to its potential to sustain the competitive landscape and the appropriability of its returns. The company shall then strategize on the best way to exploit its resources and capabilities in relation to the companys external opportunities. Lastly in the employment of the resource-based model, the company shall identify resource gaps that need to be filled and lay down future plans to augment, upgrade and replenish the 3M Companys resource base (Heracleous, 2003). In the industrial organization model, 3M Company shall embark upon the examination of its structure for better demarcation between the company and its market portfolio and demands. This evaluation shall increase the companys ompetitiveness and alleviate barriers that lead to imperfect competition. This initiative baseline shall be to analyze and determinants of the firm and market organization to better competition and adapt to government actions. For instance, 3Ms recent 2012 organization alignment for better consistency in its strategy of building pertinent market presence shall serve to increase its presence in future global markets and customers. The new structure was to comprise five business groups (consumer, Inaustrlal, nealtncare, saTety ana grapnlcs ana Electronics ana energy. These initiatives shall ensure better market and industry interface and erformance (NoAuthorFound, 2002). C) 3Ms vision and mission influence of its market success The companys mission statement states that the company is committed to actively contribute to sustainable development through environmental protection, social responsibility and economic progress. This has oriented the companys employees towards the satisfaction of this mission statement. The company earns customer loyalty and respect when it effectively differentiates its competition and communicates and reinforces the 3M brand strategy (NoAuthorFound, 2002). The companys vision is to contribute to societys move to sustainable development. To 3M, sustainable development refers to the ability to satisfy the companys customers today whilst respecting the capabilities of future generations and thus be able to meet their needs. Thus, both the vision statement and mission statement increase customer and investor loyalty and this enables the companys activities to proceed uninhibited thus ensuring its success. A companys mission and vision perspectives that are customer safety oriented gather and acclaim positive accord and support (NoAuthorFound, 2002). D) Influence of Stakeholders to 3Ms success 3Ms healthy relationship with its stakeholders determines the companys viability nd success. This relationship if sustained shall ensure future companys prospects are successful. Some of the key 3M stakeholder interaction include but are not limited to (Rubinfeld, 2005): Investor: The Company maintains a healthy relationship with its investors by time ly and profitable dividends. The New York exchange and the companys SEC filings report have reported up to 3 dollars dividends per share. The companys enlisting in the US Securities and Exchange Commission reenergizes investor confidence and thus draws in more investors than ever before bearing in mind that this is an international corporation. Employer, employee and customer relationship: The Company has improved it relationship with its employees. Better salaries and working conditions have made the company employees loyal and hard working towards meeting the companys mission, vision and customer needs. There has been a wide forum for better customer-company interaction and relationship. This has made the company very competitive in its scope of the world market and has seen the company retain its hold in the market. The government and community. The company has complied with all the US government corporative laws for foreign nd internal operations. This has enables the company to progress smoothly without inhibitions from the US government. The company also earns community trust and respect by contributing to research and innovations that lead to the production of health products that help protect the environment and reduce harm to the customer and world communities at large. For example, the production of sandpaper that do not produce air contaminants during use. This has seen the company even earn an award by the US government. (E)Conclusions To sum it up, the 3M Company has risen from a small time company at a lake hore to a multinational conglomerate that sells its products worldwide. In India, it is the only public foreign company that does not operate a franchise system of OlstrlDutlon t at n OITTerentlatlng It wlt n coca cola. I ne SEC Tlllng 0T tne company a US Securities and Exchange Commission website show that the company is progressing viably. The most recent employment of industrial organization model ensures the companys sustainability in the contemporary world market dynamic competitiveness (Rubinfeld, (2005). Its diversified product portfolio enables the companys success world wide since it does not have to rely on marketing one roduct to a diversified community of customers who also have dynamic tastes and preferences. These aspects prove the economic viability of 3M now and in the future. Reference Bertho, M. Crawford, B. (2008). The impact of globalization on the United States. Westport, Conn: Praeger. Heracleous, L. (2003). Strategy and organization: realizing strategic management. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press. NoAuthorFound. (2002). A century of innovation: the 3M story. St. Paul, MN: 3M Co. Rubinfeld, D. L. (2005). 3Ms Bundled Rebates: An Economic Perspective. The University of Chicago law Review, 72(1), 243-264.

Transitional Fossils - Evolution Definition

Transitional Fossils - Evolution Definition Since Charles Darwin first came up with the Theory of Evolution and his idea of natural selection, evolution has been a controversial subject for many people. While supporters of the Theory point to the seemingly unending mountain of evidence for evolution, critics still deny that evolution is truly a fact. One of the most common arguments against evolution is that there are many gaps or missing links within the fossil record. These missing links would be what scientists consider to be transitional fossils. Transitional fossils are remnants of an organism that came in between a known version of a species and the current species. Allegedly, transitional fossils would be evidence for evolution because it would show intermediate forms of a species and they changed and accumulated adaptations at a slow pace. Unfortunately, since the fossil record is incomplete, there are many missing transitional fossils that could silence the critics of evolution. Without this evidence, opponents of the Theory claim that these transitional forms must not have existed and that means evolution is not correct. However, there are other ways to explain the absence of some of the transitional fossils. One explanation is found in the way fossils are made. It is very rare that a dead organism becomes a fossil. First, the organism has to die in the right area. This area must have some sort of water with sediments like mud or clay, or the organism must be preserved in tar, amber, or ice. Then even if it is in the right location, it is not guaranteed it will become fossilized. Intense heat and pressure over very long periods of time is needed to encase the organism within a sedimentary rock that will eventually become the fossil. Also, only hard parts of the body like bones and teeth are conducive to surviving this process to become a fossil. Even if a fossil of a transitional organism did happen to be made, that fossil may not survive geological changes on Earth over time. Rocks are constantly being broken, melted, and changed into different types of rocks in the rock cycle. This includes any sedimentary rocks that may have had fossils in them at one time. Also, layers of rock are laid down over top of one another. The Law of Superposition asserts that the older layers of rock are on the bottom of the pile, while the newer or younger layers of sedimentary rock that are laid down by external forces like wind and rain are closer to the top. Considering some of the transitional fossils that have yet to be found are millions of years old, it could be that they just have yet to be found. The transitional fossils could be out there still, but scientists just have not dug down deep enough to get to them. These transitional fossils may also be found in an area that has not yet been explored and excavated. There is still a possibility that someone will yet discover these missing links as more of the Earth gets explored by paleontologists and archaeologists in the field. Another possible explanation for a lack of transitional fossils would be one of the hypotheses as to how fast evolution happens. While Darwin asserted these adaptations and mutations happened and built up slowly in a process called gradualism, other scientists believe in the idea large changes that happened all at once suddenly, or punctuated equilibrium. If the correct pattern of evolution is punctuated equilibrium, then there would be no transitional organisms to leave transitional fossils. Therefore, the fabled missing link would not exist and this argument against evolution would no longer be valid.

Audit Assurance and Compliance Case Study

As per the specific roles and responsibilities of independent auditors, it can be said that the independent auditors have the accountability to prepare as well as present financial declarations based on the accurate historical data of the organization and by considering the company’s financial as well as trading standpoints (Glover et al. 2014). However, the financial announcements of the company need to replicate the actual financial condition of the firm during a particular period of time founded on the flows of cash, functional results, incomes as well as gains along with income and profits (Kend et al. 2014). Nevertheless, in certain cases, particular events or else circumstances might crop up after the specific date of authorizing and declaring the pecuniary reports of the firm. Therefore, it becomes important to adjust and incorporate the effects of these events in the financial declarations in the upcoming financial reports that is to be declared by the corporation. In addition to this, the independent auditors also have the need to attach significance to the events that take place prior to the process of preparation as well presentation of the financial declarations and take into account the material impacts of the events on the preparation of the financial statements related to the organization (Schmidt et al. 2016). Thus, there is pressing need for conducting obligatory adjustments for the purpose of disclosing several critical facts regarding the financial soundness of the organization during the specific period of time. As per the effective adjustments in the financial statements made during the period September 2002, the incidences triggered by the disclosures or else non disclosures can be indicated to the consequent events that involved several parties. As per the case study, it can be hereby ascertained that EFL had to bear huge amount of losses owing to the bankruptcy of the corporation Impulse. It can further inferred that this specific loss is mostly caused due to the non-disclosure of proper financial information of Impulse by the auditing and accounting firm King & Queen of Impulse Pty Ltd. Based on the norms and principles of auditing, it can be hereby inferred that the actions steered by the auditing firm King & Queen was immensely unethical. Consequently the auditing firm is accountable to the financing company EFL for the losses it has suffered by disbursing huge amount of loans to the company Impulse based on the financial reports of the firm (Messier Jr 2016). B.The analysis of the case study reveals the fact that King & Queen might not face legal charges based on certain condition. The independent auditing company would not face any legal charges in case if it delivered the right information concerning the financial condition of the firm Impulse to the EFL at the time when EFL asked about written explanation in quest of advice from King & Queen related to the financial condition of the firm. King & Queen had the need to provide credible financial information regarding the firm Impulse to the financing firm EFL if it had clearly written regarding their decision for disbursement of loan based on the financial announcements presented by the King & Queen. However, if EFL agreed to disburse loans to Impulse even after receiving and knowing the actual financial information regarding the company Impulse, then EFL cannot hold King & Queen responsible for the bitter consequences. However, as per the conditions stipulated under the â€Å"paragraph s (93 to 97) of â€Å"PCAOB Auditing Standard No 5†, the auditing corporation King & Queen had the need to undertake an assimilated audit of the financial announcement of the company Impulse in a bid to generate an appropriate financial statement of the firm and to declare about the real health and financial soundness of the company (Moroney et al. 2014). In addition to this, there was also need for maintenance of internal control related to the particular approach of the firm regarding auditing. The maintenance of internal control can help in delivering the direction associated to the consequent events as mentioned in the in the case study. The internal control in organization can also help in proper audit of financial reports and provide proper advice to the auditors. The right guidance to the auditing firm King & Queen can help in averting different liabilities that are associated to the different consequences of events as stated above. The auditing therefor, also needs to abide by the guidelines related to the associated to auditing standards for undertaking the practices of audit as well as their approaches of audit (Stuart 2012). The auditing firm such as King & Queen can adhere to the stipulations conditioned under the Australian Auditing Standards mentioned under the Section 336 of the Corporation Act (William Jr et al. 2016). In this case, King & Queen, the firm performing audit needs to review and audit of financial reports in addition to other financial information as per the conditions laid under the ASQC 1. In addition to this, they also need to maintain compliance with the ASA 102 that mentions the ethical obligations that need to be satisfied at the time of performance of audit, reviews as well as other types of assurance engagement of the firm (Eilifsen et al. 2013). Furthermore, the King & Queen also had the need to comply with the stipulations provided as per the section ASA 220 for maintenance of quality control of a particular audit of a financial statement together with other historical information (financial information) (Auasb.gov.au 2016). In addition to this, the auditors also need to maintain compliance with the directives mentioned under ASA240 for understanding the responsibilities of the auditors associated to fraudulent actions in a specific audit of financial declaration and take into consideration the regulations of ASA 250 for understanding the laws of auditing a financial report (Auasb.gov.au 2016). C.As rightly indicated by Glover et al. (2014), auditing independence deals with two wide aspects that can be discussed for comprehending the nature as well as characteristics of auditors. As such, there remains difference between the actual independence and perceived independence of auditing when considered in terms of appearance. Therefore, in a bid to attain goals as well as objectives of auditing, both the actual as well as the perceived independence is imperative from the viewpoint of the contributions of auditing. Louwers et al.   (2013) asserts that actual independence refers to the operations of the auditors that get impacted by the thinking potential. To put it simply, the actual independence of auditing is primarily reliant on the in dependent state of mind of the particular auditors. The state of the mind of the auditors exert considerable impact on the functioning as well as approaches of different auditors. This in turn affects the way auditors deal with particular sit uations associated to their auditing practices (Arens et al. 2012). Thus, freedom in the decision making can be observed during the time when directors of firms tries to negotiate positions of the auditors. The actual independence of auditing that depends on mental state of individuals is very difficult to enumerate. Therefore, this can be very challenging to gauge the objectivity of particular auditors. However, perceived independence of auditing can be considered as the grey area between the normal black and white aspects of the auditing and is based mainly on perceptions (Duncan and Whittington 2014). D.As rightly mentioned by Carson et al.   (2013), there are several important regulatory requirements along with auditing standards associated to the process of auditing as developed by Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC). There are several directives as well as regulations stated in the regulations of ASIC that the independent auditors take into consideration for undertaking their actions (O’Donnell K. et al.   2015).    As mentioned in the first scenario, Bob has duplicated and at the same time used the financial information provided in the books of the company â€Å"Club Casino† in a bid to prepare university assignment task. Bob essentially removed the probable references that are related to the Club Casino that has the probabilities of breach of audit as Bob did not notify Clun Casino for any such kind of practices. Thus, it can be said that Bob is an independent auditor who needs to get approval from Club casino regarding the utilization and employment of financial information for satisfying the primary educational requirements. Bob also need to comply with the ethical requirement as stipulated under the ASA 102 (Auasb.gov.au 2016). Bob needs to adhere to the regulations in order to comply with ethical obligations during the performance of audit of firms. The second scenario explicates in detail the involvement of Wendy to the company Ace Limited. The company have the need for the auditor rotation as per the stipulations of ASIC. In addition, it is also imperative for the auditor to maintain adherence to the stipulations mentioned under ASA 220 Quality Control Aus A6.1 that specifies about the requirement of the auditor rotation (Auasb.gov.au 2016). The Corporation 2001 also mentions about the requirements of the rotation requirements necessary for meeting the ethical obligations of auditors (Auasb.gov.au 2016). Again, as per the guidelines of ASIC, there are several enforceable regulations for the auditors responsible for preparation as well as presentation of reports for main areas of different business actions and if the corporation is operating for more than 5 years. The third scenario refers to the assignment of Leo in the auditing procedure of organization Precision Machinery Limited. The scenario can help in comprehending the features of appointment that need to meet the capability and effectiveness levels. This is related to the quality assessment programs together with different disciplinary procedures of the professional accounting bodies. Therefore, it is important to adhere to the directives stipulated under ASA 220 for quality control of audit and assessment of quality of the particular audit evidence and ASA 510 Audit Engagement rules and regulations (Auasb.gov.au 2016). The fourth scenario indicates towards the occurrence particularly between Chan & Associates and the Classic Reproduction Pty Ltd. The present scenario refers to the application of registration requirements in the most suitable manner (Stuart 2012). Thus, it calls for the need of arrangement of full settlement actions for the particular claims related to the fees of auditing firm Chan & Associates. In addition to this, the present scenario also talks about the relation with Classic Reproductions for not fulfilling specific auditing requirements. Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J. and Beasley, M.S., 2012. Auditing and assurance services: an integrated approach. Prentice Hall. Auasb.gov.au. 2016. Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AUASB) - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.auasb.gov.au/ [Accessed 15 Dec. 2016]. Carson, E., Simnett, R. and Vanstraelen, A., 2013, September. Auditing the auditors: An international analysis of the effectiveness of national inspection regimes on audit quality. In The University of Auckland Business School Seminar. Duncan, B. and Whittington, M., 2014, September. Compliance with standards, assurance and audit: does this equal security?. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks (p. 77). ACM. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W.F., Glover, S.M. and Prawitt, D.F., 2013. Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Glover, S.M., Prawitt, D.F. and Messier, W.F., 2014. Auditing & assurance services: a systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education. Glover, S.M., Prawitt, D.F. and Messier, W.F., 2014. Auditing & assurance services: a systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education. Kend, M., Houghton, K. and Jubb, C., 2014. Competition issues in the market for audit and assurance services: are the concerns justified?. Australian Accounting Review, 24(4), pp.313-320. Louwers, T.J., Ramsay, R.J., Sinason, D.H., Strawser, J.R. and Thibodeau, J.C., 2013. Auditing and assurance services. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Messier Jr, W., 2016. Auditing & assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Moroney, R., Campbell, F., Hamilton, J. and Warren, V., 2014. Auditing: A Practical Approach. Wiley Global Education. O’Donnell, K., Hicks, B., Streeter, J. and Shantapriyan, P., 2015. Getting it right: directors’ assessment of information. Managerial Auditing Journal, 30(2), pp.117-131. Schmidt, P.J., Wood, J.T. and Grabski, S.V., 2016. Business in the Cloud: Research Questions on Governance, Audit and Assurance. Journal of Information Systems. Stuart, I., 2012. Auditing and assurance services: an applied approach. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016. Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach. Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach. Looking for an answer 'who will do my essay for cheap',

Housing Market in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Housing Market in Australia - Essay Example Bourassa (1996) has stated that the measures required for identifying the affordability of housing-ownership is primarily based upon the accumulated data but it is required to ignore the distribution of wealth and income as well as the ranges of housing prices. For analyzing the trend of housing pattern in Australia, Bourassa (1996) builds a study based upon the previous research of Grigsby and Rosenburg. The study then, proposes a method of Borrowing Constraint. The method of Borrowing Constraint was applied from the year 1989 to 1990 for household survey data for Melbourne and Sydney, Australia. The results concluded that there are hypothetical changes in interest rates and deposit requirements are kept minimum. Along with these results, furthermore, it had been concluded that under any given scenario, there is very diminutive percentage of people who are living in rented households to afford private ownership without putting themselves into the circle of poverty (Bourassa). Anothe r study conducted by Beer (1999) stated that there have been many changes in the private rental sector within the housing system of Australia. It has moved itself from the tenure of transition that is primarily comprised of saving of young household. Increase in the prices of real houses, increasing interest rates, increase in the rate of deaths of household through separation and divorces, changes in the pays of workers and inability to maintain the position of the tenure. Moreover, Beer (1999) also stated that there has been decline in access to public housing. Research conducted by Beer (1999) had emphasized on the changing dimensions of the private rental housing within Australia. The nature of investors and the size of investment in the sector of housing stocks had also been examined. Furthermore, the impact of the investment strategies on the housing sector market of Australia was also highlighted (Beer). Hayward (2008) conducted a study to determine whether the property owner s in Australia are reluctant or not. The paper covered the history of public housing and property owner in Australia. The study conducted by Hayward (2008) revealed that the golden era of public housing in Australia was from 1945 to 1956. During this time, the Commonwealth State Housing Agreement (CSHA) laid a foundation for making public housing system more viable in Australia. After that, the history of public housing started to cripple in this country. Emphasis on housing policy shifted from rentals to home ownership. Despite of viewing the development of State Housing Authorities, some people claim that this decade was not as substantial nor it was that decade where it would be favorable to return. In long run, the history of Australia is the one where the Government has been best reluctant landlords. The era from 1945 to 1956 is considered as best understood in this general trend (Hayward). The paper presented by Wulff and Maher (2010) examined the housing characteristics of pr ivate renters in Australia in long run. The study comprised of a sample of 4677 private renters. The sample had been drawn from ABS Survey of Rental Tenants 1994. The results revealed that 40% of the renters were long-term renters, having rented their property for more than 10 years, which shows that there has been substantial trend of rented household in Australia. Long-term conditions were further divided into

Modular Approach to Building your ISE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modular Approach to Building your ISE - Essay Example A piping designer is capable of using ShipConstructor on top of an instance of AutoCAD P&ID and hence both toolsets are available in the ShipConstructor environment. Similarly, the AutoCAD software is also beneficial for a structural designer as he can take advantages of AutoCAD Mechanical while working with ShipConstructor. In other words, the ShipConstructor software bears the benefits of the AutoCAD system as it is installed on top of the AutoCAD software. This modular approach to building an Integrated Shipbuilding Environment (ISE) would bear notable benefits as modern shipyards widely practice this technique. Since the ShipConstructor software uses a specific geometry model, it is easy to integrate different concepts. Accuracy is another potential benefit of using the ShipConstructor software. By using this system, designer can shape a shipyard to a given scale in accordance with specific requirements. The most fascinating feature of this system is that it is cost effective as the newly designed products can be easily integrated into the existing design of the shipyard.

So, How Smart are you? :: Narrative Intelligence Education Essays

So, How Smart are you? If I could give you anything†¦anything you wanted at all, what would it be? For many, the immediate response is: â€Å"I want to be smarter!!!† Why smarter? If you are very smart, what do you do with all this smartness? Is there such a thing as being too smart? My younger brother, Ian, is a fourteen-year-old junior in high school. Clearly precocious for his age and stature, there are many who envy his ability and talent to understand academic concepts with relative ease. At this tender age, where most fourteen-year-olds are simply entering high school and trying to adapt to their awkward teenage bodies, my little brother is tackling the challenges of college applications, refining his resume, and perfecting his standardized test scores. His schoolmates joke with him about being younger than everyone else in his grade and about entering college at the age of sixteen without knowing how to drive. There was even talk about how he was going to get to the prom: Would his date have to drive him? Although these events seem superficially comical, one must look at the repercussions of always being seen as â€Å"the little kid in class†. I wonder if there is a true solution to this situation. At a young age my brother demonstrated great skill and adeptness for understanding. Enrolled in a Montesorri preparatory school where students were encouraged to learn at their own pace, Ian was reading and doing long division in kindergarten. Later that year, when my family moved, my brother and I were transferred to another school system. Ian was placed in a kindergarten class filled with five-year-olds and it was clear he did not fit in. Finishing the assigned work within 15 minutes, he sat around fidgeting and causing trouble. The teacher, already overwhelmed with too many students, did not know how to handle the situation and sent him to the principal’s office. Faced with this dilemma, the principal offered my parents the option for Ian to test out of successive grades until we determined which academic level was appropriate for him. My brother took the exams and tested out of kindergarten, 1st, and 2nd g rade.

Takem’s Appliances and Electronics

LLCAuthor: Ashraf Bani Domi February 16, 2018 ACCT 511 – Advanced Business Law for Accountants Professor: Dean Poirier Liberty University Abstract I would like to start my research paper and point out the legality and the validity of the contract that Takem's Appliances and Electronics LLC. used to sell their electronics as he had this new idea of selling them door-to-door which was a success and that lead to take advantage of this success by increasing his prices to 30% more if he delivers them to the customer's house. Also, I will explain the ethical consequences that the procedure Takem used in the region he lived in. Also, explaining the meaning of breach of the contract and what constitutes the lowest requirements in search of remedies in these kinds of circumstances. And for the sales to be permissible, they must encounter every sector of the legal criteria. Also, Takem must have ethical accountability that takes place under the social responsibility to the small community he lives in. The legal case of Sally Walker vs. Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC will be analyzed and investigated regarding weather if the conclusion of this case is it legal, is it moral/ethical? IntroductionThe world of commerce and most business relationships are initiated on a contract. Understanding of contract law is crucial for all businesspeople, owners, and managers. Since most commercial arrangements are constructed on contractual relationships. A decent preliminary point would be an empirical definition of a contract. Contracts include more than an arrangement or an agreement between two or more parties. â€Å"A contract is a promise or a set of promises for the breach of which the law gives a remedy, or the performance of which the law in some way recognizes as a duty† (Restatement (Second) of contract chapter 1 meaning of the term).The contract can be simply described as a voluntary exchange of promises, creating obligations that, if defaulted on or failed to pay, can be enforced and remedied by the courts. It is imperative that we understand as when agreeing to terms of a contract, entities are created and defining their particular rules and obligations. This differs from other areas of the law, such as torts, where rules and obligations are imposed on them.Furthermore, a valid contract can create a situation in which parties to the contract can predict, with some certainty, their upcoming relationship because each party knows that the courts will hold them to their agreement. Despite the fact courts will enforce a valid contract after it has been created, what the parties agree to in the first place in commonly unrestricted. Mr. Takem's Business Model is it Legal?When we study contract law, the focus is usually on the problems that can arise. It may therefore appear that most contractual relationship experiences complications. In fact, most contracts are privileged or resolved to the mutual satisfaction of the parties, and the courts become elaborate in a slight amount of contractual agreements, when an unfeasible dispute arises. Hence, addressing our case study in this project we need to outline some basic terminology that we discussed above and trying to apply it to our client, named Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC. Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC owned and operated by Tommy Takem. Tommy Takem owns Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC that participates in what might give the impression to some to be a very profitable business. However, we need to read through the surrounding circumstances and the case scenario to see and advise our client what are the best business practice he could proceed with his business, and whether we agree with his business practices or not, our constrain her in this case is to provide a legal guiding in this section and then will see how to evaluate, and explain to him the legal consequences as well as his potentials, nevertheless from the first glance and the studying we can see that most of our client Mr. Takem and his business activities obeying to law, but still need to be examined, and also we to talk about some ethics practice that could prime unexpected results. Which is something we will cover in more detail later, in our case study. Takem's business (Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC) is located in a rural area of Southwest Virginia, and the majority of its customers are poorer residents of the Appalachian regions of Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and West Virginia. According to our case, Sally Walker vs. Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC, our client, Tommy Takem. interested in concentrate his business around these rural areas because due to different reasons, there isn't much competition for his business which was an opportunity for his business. But the disadvantage was, most of the people who lived in these areas were relatively uneducated enough to understand, poor credit, unsophisticated, and other reasons. Moreover, there was a demand for appliances and electronics. And because there weren't many appliances stores around those areas, people needed to buy them. Tommy took advantage of that and increased his prices between 10-20%. This process adapted by our client is widening the precise meaning of the contractual law. Tommy's business has been doing so well after the increase in the prices. Tommy newly came up with an idea for expanding his business. He decided to begin selling his appliances and electronics door-to-door in the above-described regions. Until recently, it had been working great. He hired some great salespeople who really know how to â€Å"apply the pressure and turn up the heat.† Further, since he is providing a service to these societies by transporting the goods to their homes, he charges about 30% more than he would if the customers came to the store. Apparently, the salespeople do not mention this fact to the customers. Lately, Tommy received a letter from a disgruntled customer named Sally Walker (an elderly widow lady who lives alone in the hills of Southwest Virginia—her children and grandchildren have all moved out of the area.) She has fallen behind on her payments on her new laptop computer, and Tommy had started collection efforts. He had not yet referred it to a lawyer. The letter is very well written (which would be unexpected since Sally is not very well educated.) It indicates that her granddaughter, who recently graduated with an MS in Accounting from Liberty University Online helped her with it. It argues that the entire deal is unconscionable and therefore unenforceable.Moreover, the letter emphasizes that Sally has paid enough for the computer that she purchased and will not pay any more. Finally, the letter indicates that if Tommy pushes the matter more, Sally threatens to sue for punitive damages and write letters to the editors of various local papers throughout the region to ruin his reputation. As we can see from the above surrounding circumstances and from the definition of the contract, our client has been operating with the compliance in accordance with the law and legality in most of his business transaction, as general roles, â€Å"The foundations of Corporate Governance demand that organizational practice follows the legal requirements. In current times, news reviews of industry wrongdoings have forged uncertainty on the bottom line that submission is definitely the widespread procedure. â€Å"(Realistic Hypothetical Legal Scenarios Business Law for Accountants†, 2013) despite the allegation letter from Ms. Walker, and despite the ethical conduct regarding the transparency in the new adapted policy and increase of 30% on the delivered items in this section, but there is however still an exception to the legality of the later mentioned of the 30% this should be communicated to the other partiers of the contract. Whether the Argument in the Letter has any Merit?In response to a letter recently received which was written by Sally Walker's granddaughter of one of his customer, from lawyer standpoint of view, the indication of Sally's letter concerning and arguing the unconscionable act of our client (Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC) by excessively charging their customers. In analyzing the precedent there could thee potential legal obligations: first one, if Ms. Walker is serious enough about bringing this case to the court, the court may look upon the contract from the unconscionability part of it, while court applies this point very scarcely, but still feasible defense to the plaintiff side due to Ms. Walker conditions. The second one is that Ms. Walker could recall for the punitive damage claim, as explained below.The third one is regarding the undisclosed charges for the delivery services.Typically, court will enforce a valid contract after it has been formed, â€Å"In deciding the validity of consideration, courts will not look to the amount or type of considerations or the relative bargaining power of the parties (except in the rare case of a contract so burdensome on one party as to indicate unconscionability)† (ABLA, 2017). My concern here is to provide my client with a reasonable and accurate sound legal standpoint and preventing him from a further and a future legal consequence. On the other hand, when Ms. Walker's proclaimed that the installment and the amount she has paid for the computer so far, is enough, I see this all was agreed upon before forming the agreement with her. Obviously, I would advise that each one of us should read and go through any kind of contract in a way that can clear and remove any ambiguous completely, read through your paper one two or whatsoever, moreover, always seek for an expertise advise in most of your relationship areas, and save yourself of being an unexpected position. Should he Take the Threats Seriously?As react with caution in determining whether my client should take Ms. Walker's letter in a serious manner because we are afraid that the court might rule to her advantage. â€Å"When it is claimed or appears to the court that the contract or any clause thereof may be unconscionable the parties shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to present evidence as to its commercial setting, purpose and effect to aid the court in making the determination. (106). The Restatement also has a similar rule which tracks the UCC provision. (107) The purpose of the unconscionability doctrine is to expressly allow courts to police contracts for terms they deem unconscionable. (108) Though â€Å"unconscionable† is not defined by the UCC, some definitions give a feel for what the originators of the doctrine may have intended. One court has defined it as â€Å"that which ‘affronts the sense of decency.'† (109) One dictionary definition is â€Å"lying outside the limits of what is reasonable or acceptable: shockingly unfair, harsh, or unjust.† (110)† (Bar-Gill, O., Ben-Shahar, O., ; Marotta-Wurgler, F. 2017).Another word from the law that needs to be added here is that the procedure in which my client (Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC) following by charges 30% more to delivering the appliances and electronics to the customer's door-to-door and the fact that his salespeople intended or might have been instructed by Mr. Takem not to mention it to the customers. Despite the fact that my client, Mr. Takem, intentionally instructed them to mention the 30% increase or not, while he is the owner of the business and all of his employees should follow his instructions. The court might obtain this conclusion from his business conduct and count this against him as a form of misleading, uncommunicated as one of the criteria to validate a contract, misrepresentation, misrepresentation fraudulent or other entrance to breach this contract or similar contract since the court will incline for the advantage of the plaintiff (Ms. Walker) party of this contract against my client (Mr. Takem). As we go more through Ms. Walker's letter while she emphasizes that she is going to sue for punitive damages, whereas, punitive damages cannot normally be granted in contract disputes, here I wouldn't worry about this phrase either my client (Mr. Takem), as this is merely a threaten word in Ms. Walker's letter. However, this part in some case could be unpredictable, and because they are usually compensated in addition of the plaintiff's demonstrable injuries, and are awarded only in distinct cases, but to act as a prudent defends of my client (Mr. Takem) we need to supply him with the sound of law regarding this point, as a part of a lawyer due diligence where â€Å"Jurors award punitive damages too often. The amounts they award are erratic and unpredictable, even though they start from shared moral intuitions about the reprehensibility of defendants' conduct. And when they deliberate and decide as juries, both the size and variability of the awards increase.† Feigenson, N. R. 2003). It's ambiguities which need to be corrected proximately before any serious consequences superficial. Furthermore, the major ambiguity in the business operated in this case is the lack of transparency in its transactions with their customers; this absence of transparency is most deceptive in the prices and the percentages of charge that they put on their products and their services. This lack of transparency, when visible, could cause serious issues to any business, and, an educated customer could very easily take them to court for misconduct and misleading if they don't change their method and honestly advise their customers of their business perfect. Should he Proceed with the Collection? To give my legal advice, I would recommend that my client (Takem's Appliances and Electronics, LLC) not to proceed with any further steps in collecting the remaining payments from Ms. Walker. However, this might result in having other customers doing the same as Ms. Walker. Which is refusing to pay and threatening Mr. Takem again by suing his business and sending letters to media to ruin his business reputation. We would advise that Mr. Takem take longer period of time than usual before making any efforts for future collection in general, I would propose that Mr. Takem take an initial step by offering a payment discount for certain customers with some certain conditions with that he can plan ahead of time for his future project of establishing his own financing company, in main time this will participate in reshape his reputation in the area and encourage his customers to pay one time. â€Å"Keeping the aforementioned trends, Takem needs to go beyond the literal meaning of the law and let go of unfair and /or fraudulent corporate conduct; this includes false advertising and/or ambiguous sales deals† â€Å"(Realistic Hypothetical Legal Scenarios Business Law for Accountants†, 2013) Would Mr. Takem Set up a Financing Company? And what Should he do to Protect himself?I would strongly recommend that Mr. Takem should go ahead in adopting this step, in order to prevent and protect his business from any future consequences. But the best would be if he can collaborate with an outside financing company to take over this portion of his business, in a separate entity form, to avoid and mitigate future obligations and losing his customers. Alternatively, seeking for an external collection agency to handle in arrears or uncollected payments. â€Å"Seeking a collection agency-or evaluating the one you have-can improve bottom-line results while maintaining your professional image. Overall, be sure to find a company that delivers results and matches the image you want to project. Use this list as a guide of what to expect† (Anonymous, 2015). With this step-in mind Mr. Takem should put more consideration to the law that regulates and the requirement to establish this kind of business from the participation of the comprehensive openness, full disclosure and the complete condition associated with any arrangement. Finally, he wants to Know What do you Think About his Business Model- Regardless of whether you Conclude that it is Legal, is it Moral/Ethical?I believe the majority of us will agree in response to Mr. Takem's ethics, and the way he is conducting his business is unethical, according to the given case events. Unethical behavior that is not illegal frequently falls in a grey area between right and wrong that makes it difficult to decide what to do when it is encountered. Furthermore, different people have different perspectives regarding what is ethical and what is unethical. Though, there is sometimes a difference between behaviors that are unethical and activities that are actually illegal. â€Å"The definition of business ethics and the answer to the question of â€Å"What is Business Ethics in Sales?† is the principles, morals and standards that guide the behavior in the world of business and in sales relationships too (Spro, 2013). Ethics in sales is receiving a lot of attention over recent years even more so, as it is the correct way to conduct business in the long term and produce long-term sales results for the company and for the sales team. Moreover, â€Å"Business ethics in sales can either come from the company itself, this means that the companies ethics guidelines are written into their policies and therefore can be reflected or reproduced through their sales team management and then the sales team too† (Ivan, C. D. 2014). Therefore, â€Å"Doubt regarding corporate commitment to ethical obligations has always existed, particularly when maximization of profits might be at risk. However, despite such doubt two views have singled hope. First, a view has persisted that corporations at least feel compelled to comply with the law. At times violations of law might occur. However, this was not thought to be the pattern of behavior for corporations generally. Conscious violation of law was not the behavior expected. Second, a view has begun to be echoed that business corporations are increasingly cognizant of ethical obligations beyond literal compliance with law, and increasingly feel compelled to act accordingly† (Di Lorenzo, V. J Bus Ethics, 2007).

Does childhood neglect and abuse have an effect on an individual later in life - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2335 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Psychology Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Introduction Neglect and abuse are difficult concepts to define because they are not homogeneous terms and can include diverse experiences ranging from extreme deprivation to less extreme forms of abuse/neglect which may be short- or long-term (Skuse, 1989). The UK Governments inter-agency document Working Together to Safeguard Children defines neglect as a persistent failure to meet a childs basic physical and or psychological needs (Department for Education, DfE, 2015, p.93). Neglect is defined as a parent/carer not providing a child with adequate food, clothing, shelter or adequate supervision, not protecting them from physical or emotional harm or providing them with medical care when necessary (DfE, 2015).   Abuse can be both physical and emotional. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Does childhood neglect and abuse have an effect on an individual later in life?" essay for you Create order Physical abuse involves such actions as the child being burnt, scalded, poisoned or suffocated, other aspects of abuse include child sexual exploitation, female genital mutilation and radicalisation (DfE, 2015). Emotional abuse can occur independently, and is defined as including the persistent ridicule of the child by others and/or being told they are worthless, unwanted and unloved. Children may also suffer emotional abuse from bullying and cyber bulling (DfE, 2015). The aim of the following essay is to evaluate the effects of childhood neglect and abuse on the developing child, and whether there are long-term effects. Case Studies of Deprivation Many of the early studies that investigated the effects of neglect and abuse were undertaken with one or two children as case studies. For example, Curtiss (1989) documented the case of Genie who experience extreme neglect and physical and emotional abuse until she was 131/2. Genie was kept in isolation and had very limited exposure to language and was beaten if she made any sounds. Curtiss (1989) reports that Genie was never able to fully develop her language or social skills. However, Genies history in terms of her cognitive ability was not known, and it is possible she suffered from a learning disability and may never have developed language regardless of the deprivation she endured. A study reported by KoluchovÃÆ' ¡ (1976) looked at twins who spent 5 years until the age of 7 locked in a cellar, enduring severe neglect and abuse. When they were found they appeared to be severely cognitively deficient, although it quickly became apparent that this was a result of deprivatio n. However, it is suggested by KoluchovÃÆ' ¡ (1976) that because they formed an attachment with each other and had also experienced 18 months of relatively adequate care in a childrens home before the abuse began they were protected against permanent damage. There was no evidence of long-term cognitive damage after their removal and their language developed normally. Because both examples are case studies, they are difficult to generalise to other abused or neglected children because the circumstances of Genie and the twins are so unique. The details of their childhood abuse and neglect were retrospective and may result in slight inaccuracies or omissions. However, it would of course be unethical to undertake studies of children experiencing such severe neglect and abuse until after the event has occurred and the children removed from the situation. Bowlby (1977) argued that early experience from birth and forming an attachment, predominately with the mother, was a powerful fa ctor in determining typical development of a child. Attachment involves the formation of strong affection bonds to others during a critical period of development (up until about the age of three), and enables the child to deal with stressors and emotional distress. This would appear to be supported by KoluchovÃÆ' ¡ (1976), as the twins formed an attachment with each other whereas Genie, who did not develop age appropriate skills had no-one with whom she could form an attachment (Curtiss, 1989). However, Werner (2000) found in her longitudinal study of children who were born and raised in adverse circumstances that there were a number of protective factors that helped the child develop resilience. One positive factor was the formation of an attachment with a caring supportive other (such as a grandparent or teacher). Werner, in part, supports Bowlbys assertion of the importance of attachment, although the bond does not necessarily have to be the mother, it can be any other suitabl e person, which is also suggested by KoluchovÃÆ' ¡ (1976) in her study of the twins. Studies of Groups of Children A group who suffered extreme neglect and abuse were children incarcerated in concentration camps during the 2nd World War. Child survivors were interviewed 40 years after the camp was liberated with the focus on how they had adjusted to life after the war (Krell, 1985). Only one survivor from a total of 24 survivors was a patient at a psychiatric hospital. However, 40 years after the war, the child survivors were characterised by a desperate need to be perceived as normal, to belong and to cope, so they were not perceived as being different (Krell, 1985, p.379). The age of the child survivor was also important as adult survivors had memories of pre-war life, whereas many of the children had very few. The child survivors as a group were also characterised by their affirmation of life and their active compassion for others (Krell, 1985, p.379). Robinson and Hemmendinger (1982, cited in Krell, 1985 p.379) report on 14 children liberated from Buchenwald camp. Communication with the children was difficult immediately after their liberation as they were hostile and were completely apathetic and indifferent to everything around them, and were described as psychotic or psychopathic (Krell, 1985, p.379). 30 years later the child survivors reported psychological problems such as depression, insomnia and nightmares about their past. Both groups of child survivors emphasise the importance of their families. A further characteristic of the child survivors of the holocaust is that although the trauma the children experienced continued to have a pervasive negative influence in their lives, it existed simultaneously with a strong desire to survive, which Valent (1998) terms resilience in the face of enormous adversity. Another factor which helped the children survive, particularly very young children, was the development of an attachment with another person. The child survivors were able to adapt very quickly and suppress their emotions and after the camps were liberated the children also suppressed their memories and focused on their future lives (Valent, 1998). Beckett et al. (2006) investigated the long-term effects of 131 Romanian adoptees compared to UK adoptees who were not institutionalised. The Romanian children ranged in age between less than 6 months to 42 months, and had experienced severe neglect in the institutions. The main findings were that deprivation had implications for the physical and psychological development of the Romanian children. Adverse effects remained present at age 11-years for those children who were over 6 months old when adopted although the outcomes for the children were diverse. The children were tested on a range of cognitive abilities at age 6- and 11-years. The children who had not experienced institutionalise care had higher scores than those children from institutions, even after a number of years in a nurturing environment with their adoptive parents. The authors conclude that severe deprivation at a y oung age of 6 months can persist for a number of years, up to age 11. The children who showed cognitive impairment at age 6 showed substantial impairment at 11, which indicates that cognitive impairment is persistent (Beckett et al. 2006). This is supported by neuroimaging techniques which show distinct changes in the brain of children who were institutionalised at an early age. It is suggested by Beckett et al. (2006) that the results of their study are viewed with caution, as it is unique, and, fortunately, there are not many cases where large numbers of very young children experience severe neglect to make comparisons. KoÄ?ovskÃÆ' ¡ et al. (2012) also studied adopted children who had experienced severe maltreatment and found that many of the children had a range of psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as disorganised patterns of attachment and indiscriminate friendliness, which is often found in maltreated children (KoÄ?ovskÃÆ' ¡ et al. 2012; KoluchovÃÆ' ¡ (1976). Kumsta et al. (2010) state that whilst there is a well-defined pattern of four specific symptoms displayed by institutionalised children there is not similar patterns shown by children who have experienced other types of neglect or abuse (e.g. sexual abuse). Therefore, it is not possible to predict what type of psychopathy will occur for other types of abuse or neglect (Kumsta, et al. 2010). Thompson and Tabone (2010) investigated the effects of early childhood neglect when the child was younger than 4-years old. The study involved 242 children, 154 had a history of maltreatment (mainly neglect) and 88 children did not. The children were assessed at age 10-years on a range of behavioural measures including anxiety, depression, aggression and attention. It was shown that over time, the children who had experienced abuse showed a greater incidence of depression and anxiety as well as attention seeking behaviour although these behaviours were no t evident when the child was younger. The finding suggests that young children experiencing abuse or neglect should be assessed throughout childhood for long-term effects (Thompson and Tabone, 2010). Risk Factors for Negative Outcomes According to Appleyard, Egeland, van Dulmen, and Sroufe (2005) there is a relationship between a high number of risk factors and the later adverse effects on the child, which can manifest, for example, as disruptive behaviour in adolescence. It is argued that there are five cumulative risk factors involved, which include; child abuse, high levels of parental stress, domestic violence between parents (that may involve children), dysfunctional family life and low socioeconomic status, and these factors present the greatest risk in early and middle childhood (Appleyard, et al. 2005). The factors are supported by Boyd and Bee, (2012) who suggest that there is a strong relationship between poverty, neglect and abuse as the children typically live in situations that are chaotic causing the child considerable stress, particularly if they have limited social or psychological support. In a longitudinal study, Peruzzi (2013) found that children from deprived backgrounds in the UK were rarely able to break the cycle of poverty and frequently displayed deviant behaviour as adolescents, had poor educational attainment and were socially excluded as adults. Another longitudinal study which investigated risk factors for abuse and neglect as well as coping strategies involved 9-12 year-old boys in the Isle of Wight and also a group of children in London whose parents had mental health disorders (Rutter, Tizard, and Whitmore, 1970). It was found that if a child was exposed to at least four risk factors this could contribute to later maladjustment. The risk factors included; discord in the marriage, a low socioeconomic status, a large family, criminal activity by the father, the mental health of the mother and whether the child was placed in foster care (Rutter et al. 1979). Conclusion The evidence presented indicates that early childhood abuse and neglect, which is also referred to as deprivation, typically has a long-term detrimental effect on the cognitive, emotional and behavioural development of children. Thompson and Tabone (2010) suggest that the effects of deprivation may not be immediately apparent, and therefore assessments of abused and neglected children should be undertaken through childhood and adolescence. There were adverse effects reported by the child survivors of the holocaust, although they survived by suppressing their memories and emotions and focusing on their futures (Krell, 1985; Valent, 1998). There are difficulties with the methodology used in investigating the effects of childhood neglect and abuse. Firstly, some studies are case studies of one or two children which means the findings are difficult to generalise. Secondly, the information obtained is retrospective as it would be ethically unacceptable to study children in a situation w here they were being neglected or abused. This means that information may be unintentionally distorted or over-exaggerated. A third issue is the wide diversity of situations in which abuse or neglect occurs and the individual differences of the children involved (Skuse, 1989). For some children there are many risk factors, such as poverty, which can exacerbate the effects of the neglect or abuse (Appleyard, et al. 2005; Boyd and Bee, 2012; Peruzzi 2013), or other factors such as a positive attachment figure who can mediate the effects of deprivation (Bowlby, 1977; Werner 2000). References Appleyard, K., Egeland, B., van Dulmen, M. and Sroufe, L. A. (2005). When more is not better: The role of cumulative risk in child behaviour outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 46, 235-245. Beckett, C., Maughan, B., Rutter, M., Castle, J., Colvert, E., Groothues, C., Kreppner, J., Stevens, S., OConnor, T.G. and Sonuga-Barke, E.J.S. (2006). Do the effects of early severe deprivation on cognition persist into early adolescence? Findings from the English and Romanian adoptees study. Child Development, 77(3), 696-711. Bowlby, J. (1977). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. 1. Aetiology and psychopathology in light of attachment theory. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 201à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢210. Boyd. D. and Bee, H. (2012). Lifespan Development, (6th edition). New Jersey: Pearson Education Curtiss (1977). Genie: A Linguistic Study of a Modern Day Wild Child. New York Academic Press. Department for Education (2015). Working Together to Safeguard Children. London: Crown Publications KoÄ?ovskÃÆ' ¡, E., Puckering, C., Follan, M., Smillie, M. and Gorski, C., Barnes, J., Wilson, P. Young, D., Lidstone, E., Pritchett, R., Hockaday, H. and Minnis, H.   (2012). Neurodevelopmental problems in maltreated children referred with indiscriminate friendliness. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33, 1560-1565 Krell, R. (1985). Child survivors of the Holocaust: 40 years later. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24(4), 378-380. KoluchovÃÆ' ¡, J. (1976). The further development of twins after severe and prolonged deprivation: a second report. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 17, 181-188. Kumsta, R., Kreppner, J., Rutter, M., Beckett, C. Castle, J., Stevens, S. and Sonuga-Barke, E.J. (2010). Deprivation-specific psychological patterns. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 75(1), 48-78. Peruzzi, A. (2013). From Childhood Deprivation to Adult Social Exclusion. Evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study. Institute of Education University of London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies Rutter, M., Tizard, J. and Whitmore, K. (1970). Education, Health and Behaviour. Ithaca, NY: Longman Skuse, D. (1989). Emotional abuse and neglect. BMJ, 298, 1692-1694 Thompson, R. and Tabone, J.K. (2010). The impact of early alleged maltreatment on behavioral trajectories. Child Abuse and Neglect, 34, 907-916 Valent, P. (1998). Resilience in child survivors of the Holocaust: Towards the concept of Resilience. The Psychoanalytic Review, 85(4), 535 Werner, E.E., (2000). Protective factors and individual resilience In Handbook of Early Childhood Intervention, 2nd edition, Chapter 6, pp.115-132. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.